How to Choose Safe Shoes to Prevent Falls

As someone who has worked in healthcare for years, I've seen firsthand how something as simple as footwear can impact a person's safety, especially with older adults.

Recently, I heard about a patient who tripped while walking down a hallway, bringing her husband down with her. Luckily, they weren't seriously hurt, but it was clear we needed to prevent a similar incident. 

So, I asked the usual questions.

Where did the fall happen? Was anyone else around? 

There were no obstacles in the hallway, and the home health aide was nearby. Hearing about any fall is concerning, but this one was especially baffling. 

What could have made two people fall in what seemed like a safe space? 

As I talked through fall prevention with my patient, I noticed her shoes—old white sneakers with worn-out soles and frayed laces that kept coming undone. 

It dawned on me that in an obstacle-free hallway, her shoes were the real problem. 

When we focus on fall prevention for older adults, we tend to think of the basics—good lighting, keeping walkways clear, using non-slip mats, and flattening rugs. But proper footwear is just as important. Sometimes, it's as simple as getting rid of worn shoes or choosing ones with better support.

 

When Should You Replace Your Shoes?

No matter your age, wearing the right shoes is important. But as we get older and our risk of falling increases, choosing the right footwear becomes essential.

 

Sometimes, that means trading in your favorite sneakers or donating old boots to Goodwill.

 

It can be hard to tell when a trusty pair of shoes has gone from "well-worn" to "worn-out." On average, shoes last about 8 to 12 months, but that depends on their quality and how much they've been used.

 

One thing people don't always think about is that our feet keep changing as we age. Tendons and ligaments stretch over time, and conditions like callouses, bunions, fallen arches, and weight changes can affect your shoe size.

 

If your shoes don't fit comfortably anymore, it's probably time for a new pair.

 

The biggest clue that shoes need replacing is visible wear and tear. Cracks or wrinkles in the midsole mean the material is breaking down. If the soles are extremely worn on the balls of your feet or heels, that's another sign. And, if your shoes wobble or tip over when placed on a flat surface, the soles are shot, and it's time for an upgrade.

 

3 Things to Consider When Choosing Shoes for Fall Prevention

Once you and your patients decide it's time for a new pair of shoes, there are a few key factors to think about to ensure safety. When picking out footwear for fall prevention, these are the most important things to consider:

 

  1. Fit

Shoes that are too tight can cause discomfort and foot pain, while shoes that are too loose can lead to slipping and sliding inside the shoe. Either way, an improper fit can make it harder to stay balanced while walking.

 

  1. Tread

Look for sturdy, slip-resistant soles. If the soles are too smooth, they can be slippery, especially in wet or uneven conditions. A good grip is essential for staying steady, no matter the weather.

 

  1. Weight

Shoes that are too heavy can encourage a shuffling gait, which increases the risk of tripping. Lightweight, low-heeled shoes are best for stability, helping with posture and balance while walking.

 

Footwear for Common Health Issues

A lot of seniors have specific health conditions that affect their feet, so picking the right shoes is super important. Here's what to look for if you're shopping for someone with these conditions:

 

Diabetes

Seniors with diabetes need shoes that really protect their feet to prevent things like ulcers. Go for shoes with extra depth, seamless insides, and soft cushioning to avoid friction and pressure on their feet. These little details can make a big difference in keeping their feet safe.

 

Arthritis

If arthritis is a concern, comfort is key. Look for shoes with extra cushioning and shock-absorbing soles. Rocker-soled shoes are a great choice because they help create a smoother walking motion and take some of the stress off the joints.

 

Balance Issues

For seniors who have trouble with balance, shoes with a wide base and low heel can offer more stability. Orthopedic shoes with reinforced soles and good ankle support can also help prevent falls by giving that extra bit of support where it's needed most.

 

Key Features to Look for in Senior Footwear

When shopping for shoes for seniors, comfort, safety, and support are top priorities. Here are some key features to focus on:

 

Proper Fit

A well-fitting shoe is essential to prevent foot pain, blisters, and other long-term problems. Make sure there’s enough room in the toe box to avoid crowding, and the heel should stay snug without slipping. Since seniors' feet may swell throughout the day, it’s a good idea to shop for shoes in the afternoon when feet are slightly larger.

 

Adequate Support

Good support can ease joint stress and improve balance. Look for shoes with cushioned insoles, solid arch support, and a firm heel counter to keep the foot properly aligned. Non-slip soles are a must to help prevent falls.

 

Easy Fastening

Tying laces or securing straps can be tricky for some seniors. Slip-on shoes or those with Velcro closures offer an easy solution, making it simple to get shoes on and off while still ensuring a secure fit. Elastic laces are another great option for adjustability.

 

Breathability & Comfort

Comfort is key! Choose shoes made from breathable materials like leather or mesh, which allow airflow and help prevent moisture buildup. This reduces the risk of fungal infections or skin irritations. Padded collars and tongues can also provide extra comfort, especially for seniors with sensitive feet.

 

Design

Closed-heel shoes are best for seniors, as they offer a more secure fit and better stability. Stick with low-heeled shoes (no more than one inch) to maintain good posture and balance, as high heels can increase the risk of falling. Lightweight shoes are also a better option, as heavy footwear can lead to shuffling, which might cause trips or falls.

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